Linear

class Linear(building_blocks, repeating_unit, num_repeating_units, orientations=None, random_seed=None, reaction_factory=GenericReactionFactory(), num_processes=1, optimizer=<stk.molecular.topology_graphs.topology_graph.optimizers.null.NullOptimizer object>)[source]

Bases: TopologyGraph

Represents a linear polymer topology graph.

Building blocks with two functional groups are required, unless the building block’s position is specified to only be at the capping positions.

Examples

Construction

Linear polymers require building blocks with two functional groups

import stk

bb1 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='NCCN',
    functional_groups=[stk.PrimaryAminoFactory()],
)
bb2 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='O=CCC=O',
    functional_groups=[stk.AldehydeFactory()],
)
polymer = stk.ConstructedMolecule(
    topology_graph=stk.polymer.Linear(
        building_blocks=(bb1, bb2),
        repeating_unit='AB',
        num_repeating_units=4,
    ),
)

Suggested Optimization

For Linear topologies, it is recommend to use the Collapser optimizer.

import stk

bb1 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='NCCN',
    functional_groups=[stk.PrimaryAminoFactory()],
)
bb2 = stk.BuildingBlock('O=CCC=O', [stk.AldehydeFactory()])

polymer = stk.ConstructedMolecule(
    topology_graph=stk.polymer.Linear(
        building_blocks=(bb1, bb2),
        repeating_unit='AB',
        num_repeating_units=4,
        # Setting scale_steps to False tends to lead to a
        # better structure.
        optimizer=stk.Collapser(scale_steps=False),
    ),
)

Construction with Capping Units

Building blocks with a single functional group can also be provided as capping units

import stk

bb1 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='NCC(F)N',
    functional_groups=[stk.PrimaryAminoFactory()],
)
bb2 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='O=CCC=O',
    functional_groups=[stk.AldehydeFactory()],
)
bb3 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='BrCCN',
    functional_groups=[stk.PrimaryAminoFactory()],
)

polymer = stk.ConstructedMolecule(
    topology_graph=stk.polymer.Linear(
        building_blocks=(bb1, bb2, bb3),
        repeating_unit='ABABC',
        num_repeating_units=1,
    ),
)

Defining the Orientation of Each Building Block

The orientations parameter allows the direction of each building block along to the chain to be flipped

import stk

bb1 = stk.BuildingBlock('O=CCC=O', [stk.AldehydeFactory()])
bb2 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='NC(Br)CN',
    functional_groups=[stk.PrimaryAminoFactory()],
)

p1 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(
    topology_graph=stk.polymer.Linear(
        building_blocks=(bb1, bb2),
        repeating_unit='AB',
        num_repeating_units=5,
        orientations=(1, 0.5),
    ),
)

In the above example, bb1 is guaranteed to be flipped, bb2 has a 50% chance of being flipped, each time it is placed on a node.

Note that whether a building block will be flipped or not is decided during the initialization of Linear

# chain will always construct the same polymer.
chain = stk.polymer.Linear(
    building_blocks=(bb1, bb2),
    repeating_unit='AB',
    num_repeating_units=5,
    orientations=(0.65, 0.45),
)
# p2 and p3 are guaranteed to be the same as they used the
# same topology graph.
p2 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(chain)
p3 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(chain)

# chain2 may lead to a different polymer than chain,
# despite being initialized with the same parameters.
chain2 = stk.polymer.Linear(
    building_blocks=(bb1, bb2),
    repeating_unit='AB',
    num_repeating_units=5,
    orientations=(0.65, 0.45)
)

# p4 and p5 are guaranteed to be the same because they used
# the same topology graph. However, they may be different
# to p2 and p3.
p4 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(chain2)
p5 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(chain2)

The random_seed parameter can be used to get reproducible results

# p6 and p7 are guaranteed to be the same, because chain3
# and chain4 used the same random seed.

chain3 = stk.polymer.Linear(
    building_blocks=(bb1, bb2),
    repeating_unit='AB',
    num_repeating_units=5,
    orientations=(0.65, 0.45),
    random_seed=4,
)
p6 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(chain3)

chain4 = stk.polymer.Linear(
    building_blocks=(bb1, bb2),
    repeating_unit='AB',
    num_repeating_units=5,
    orientations=(0.65, 0.45),
    random_seed=4,
)
p7 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(chain4)

Using Numbers to Define the Repeating Unit

The repeating unit can also be specified through the indices of the building blocks

import stk

bb1 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='NCCN',
    functional_groups=[stk.PrimaryAminoFactory()],
)
bb2 = stk.BuildingBlock('O=CCC=O', [stk.AldehydeFactory()])
bb3 = stk.BuildingBlock(
    smiles='NCCN',
    functional_groups=[stk.PrimaryAminoFactory()],
)

# p1 and p2 are different ways to write the same thing.
p1 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(
    topology_graph=stk.polymer.Linear(
        building_blocks=(bb1, bb2, bb3),
        repeating_unit='ACB',
        num_repeating_units=1,
    ),
)
p2 = stk.ConstructedMolecule(
    topology_graph=stk.polymer.Linear(
        building_blocks=(bb1, bb2, bb3),
        repeating_unit=(0, 2, 1),
        num_repeating_units=1,
    ),
)

Methods

clone()

Return a clone.

construct()

Construct a ConstructedMolecule.

get_building_blocks()

Yield the building blocks.

get_num_building_block(building_block)

Get the number of times building_block is present.

with_building_blocks(building_block_map)

Return a clone holding different building blocks.
__init__(building_blocks, repeating_unit, num_repeating_units, orientations=None, random_seed=None, reaction_factory=GenericReactionFactory(), num_processes=1, optimizer=<stk.molecular.topology_graphs.topology_graph.optimizers.null.NullOptimizer object>)[source]

Initialize a Linear instance.

Parameters:

  • building_blocks (tuple[BuildingBlock, ...]) – The building blocks of the polymer.

  • repeating_unit (Union[str, tuple[int, ...]]) –

    A string specifying the repeating unit of the polymer. For example, 'AB' or 'ABB'. The first building block passed to building_blocks is 'A' and so on.

    The repeating unit can also be specified by the indices of building_blocks, for example 'ABB' can be written as (0, 1, 1).

  • num_repeating_units (int) – The number of repeating units which are used to make the polymer.

  • orientations (Optional[tuple[float, ...]]) –

    For each character in the repeating unit, a value between 0 and 1 (both inclusive) must be given in a tuple. It indicates the probability that each monomer will have its orientation along the chain flipped. If 0 then the monomer is guaranteed not to flip. If 1 it is guaranteed to flip. This allows the user to create head-to-head or head-to-tail chains, as well as chain with a preference for head-to-head or head-to-tail if a number between 0 and 1 is chosen. If None then 0 is picked in all cases.

    It is also possible to supply an orientation for every vertex in the final topology graph. In this case, the length of orientations must be equal to len(repeating_unit)*num_repeating_units.

    If there is only one building block in the constructed polymer i.e. the repeating_unit has a length of 1 and num_repeating_units is 1, the building block will not be re-oriented, even if you provide a value to orientations.

  • random_seed (Optional[int]) – The random seed to use when choosing random orientations.

  • reaction_factory (ReactionFactory) – The factory to use for creating reactions between functional groups of building blocks.

  • num_processes (int) – The number of parallel processes to create during construct().

  • optimizer (Optimizer) – Used to optimize the structure of the constructed molecule.

Raises:

ValueError – If the length of orientations is not equal in length to repeating_unit or to the total number of vertices.

clone()[source]

Return a clone.

Return type:

Linear

Returns:

The clone.

construct()

Construct a ConstructedMolecule.

Return type:

ConstructionResult

Returns:

The data describing the ConstructedMolecule.

get_building_blocks()

Yield the building blocks.

Building blocks are yielded in an order based on their position in the topology graph. For two equivalent topology graphs, but with different building blocks, equivalently positioned building blocks will be yielded at the same time.

Yields:

A building block of the topology graph.

Return type:

Iterator[BuildingBlock]

get_num_building_block(building_block)

Get the number of times building_block is present.

Parameters:

building_block (BuildingBlock) – The building block whose frequency in the topology graph is desired.

Return type:

int

Returns:

The number of times building_block is present in the topology graph.

with_building_blocks(building_block_map)[source]

Return a clone holding different building blocks.

Parameters:

building_block_map (dict[BuildingBlock, BuildingBlock]) – Maps a building block in the current topology graph to the building block which should replace it in the clone. If a building block should be not replaced in the clone, it can be omitted from the map.

Return type:

Linear

Returns:

The clone.